The MPI report highlights that India, along with 24 other countries, successfully halved its poverty rate over 15 years. The incidence of poverty in India fell from 55.1% in 2005/2006 to 16.4% in 2019/2021. The report attributes this success to comprehensive policy measures and robust economic growth, which have collectively fostered significant improvements in living standards.
The MPI, which evaluates poverty based on various deprivations experienced by individuals in their daily lives, revealed substantial declines in several key indicators in India. The percentage of people lacking adequate nutrition decreased from 44.3% to 11.8%, while those deprived of proper drinking water dropped from 16.4% to 2.7%. Additionally, the proportion of people without access to electricity fell from 29% to 2.1%, and inadequate housing conditions were reduced from 44.9% to 13.6%.
These improvements are particularly notable among the poorest and most disadvantaged groups in India. Children and marginalized communities have seen the fastest progress, indicating that the benefits of development are reaching those who need it most. This inclusive growth approach has been instrumental in driving down the overall poverty levels across the country.
UNDP Administrator Achim Steiner emphasized the importance of sustained efforts and comprehensive data collection to continue this positive trend. He pointed out that despite the remarkable achievements, the COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to data collection, making it difficult to assess the full impact of the crisis on poverty levels.
India's digital revolution has played a pivotal role in this transformation. The widespread adoption of smartphones and digital technologies has facilitated access to essential services, financial inclusion, and educational opportunities. These advancements have empowered millions, enabling them to break the cycle of poverty and improve their quality of life.
The UNDP report also notes that India's population dynamics have shifted, with the country surpassing China to become the world's most populous nation, housing 142.86 crore people. This demographic shift presents both challenges and opportunities for further poverty alleviation and economic growth.
The MPI findings highlight the critical role of targeted interventions and sustained policy efforts in poverty reduction. India's experience serves as an encouraging example for other developing nations, demonstrating that rapid and substantial progress is possible with the right strategies and commitment.
As India continues to navigate its development journey, maintaining the momentum in poverty reduction will require addressing emerging challenges and leveraging technological advancements to ensure inclusive and sustainable growth. The success story of India's poverty alleviation efforts underscores the transformative power of effective governance and innovative solutions in creating a better future for all.
By reflecting on India's achievements and learning from its experiences, other countries can formulate effective strategies to tackle poverty and foster economic development, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and prosperous world.
Sources: Business Today, Livemint, UNDP MPI Report.