Established following the ousting of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in August 2024, the commission aims to address longstanding demands for constitutional reforms. The proposed changes include the introduction of a bicameral parliament and the implementation of a two-term limit for the prime minister's tenure.
The current constitution, enacted in 1972, enshrines nationalism, socialism, democracy, and secularism as its core principles. Over the years, these principles have been subjects of political debate and multiple amendments. The proposed revisions would mark a significant shift in the nation's ideological framework.
The commission's report also suggests changing the official Bengali name of the country from 'Gana Prajatantry Bangladesh' to 'Jana Ganatantry Bangladesh,' while retaining 'The People's Republic of Bangladesh' in English.
These recommendations come in the wake of a student-led uprising that resulted in the resignation and subsequent exile of Sheikh Hasina. The interim government, led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, has been tasked with restoring democracy and implementing institutional reforms.
Public reaction to the proposed constitutional changes is mixed. Supporters argue that the new principles better reflect the country's current socio-political landscape, promoting inclusivity and human rights. Critics, however, express concern that removing secularism could undermine religious neutrality in state affairs, potentially leading to increased influence of religious groups in politics.
The proposal to introduce a bicameral parliament aims to enhance legislative oversight and representation. A two-term limit for the prime minister is intended to prevent the concentration of power and encourage political diversity. These measures are seen as steps toward strengthening democratic institutions and preventing authoritarianism.
The commission's recommendations will undergo parliamentary scrutiny and require a two-thirds majority to be enacted. Given the current political climate and the interim government's commitment to reform, the proposals are expected to generate extensive debate among lawmakers and the public alike.
Bangladesh has experienced a tumultuous political history, with periods of military rule, autocratic governance, and pro-democracy movements. The recent student-led revolution, which led to the establishment of the interim government, reflects a strong desire for change among the populace. The proposed constitutional amendments are viewed as pivotal in shaping the nation's future trajectory.