Singh, who served as the 13th Prime Minister from 2004 to 2014, was renowned for his role as the architect of India's economic liberalization in the early 1990s. As Finance Minister from 1991 to 1996, he implemented groundbreaking reforms that transitioned India from a closed economy to a more market-oriented one, spurring significant growth and development.
Born on September 26, 1932, in Gah, Punjab (now in Pakistan), Singh overcame humble beginnings to achieve academic excellence. He earned his doctorate in economics from Oxford University and held various key positions, including Governor of the Reserve Bank of India and Chairman of the Planning Commission, before entering the political arena.
During his tenure as Prime Minister, Singh oversaw a period of unprecedented economic growth and implemented several social welfare schemes aimed at reducing poverty and improving healthcare and education. Notably, his leadership was instrumental in finalizing the Indo-U.S. civilian nuclear agreement in 2008, marking a significant milestone in international relations.
Despite his numerous achievements, Singh's tenure was not without challenges. His administration faced criticism over corruption scandals and policy paralysis, particularly during his second term, which some analysts believe contributed to the Congress Party's electoral defeat in 2014.
Singh's passing has elicited an outpouring of condolences from national and international leaders. Prime Minister Narendra Modi described him as "one of India's most distinguished leaders," acknowledging his contributions to the nation's development. President Droupadi Murmu and Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar also expressed their grief, highlighting Singh's integrity and dedication to public service.
Rahul Gandhi, a prominent figure in the Congress Party, referred to Singh as a "guiding light" whose vision and leadership propelled India onto the global stage. International figures, including former U.S. President Barack Obama, have also paid tribute, reflecting on Singh's role in strengthening bilateral relations and his global economic foresight.
In Bengaluru, the state government has declared a public holiday on December 27 as a mark of respect. Educational institutions, government offices, and public sector undertakings remained closed, and various events were canceled or postponed. Citizens across the city participated in memorial services, reflecting the deep respect and admiration for Singh's contributions to the nation.
Singh's last rites are scheduled for December 28 in New Delhi, with full state honors. Dignitaries from across the political spectrum and international representatives are expected to attend, underscoring the widespread impact of his leadership. The government has advised that during the mourning period, official entertainment and celebrations should be avoided as a sign of respect.
Reflecting on Singh's legacy, economists and scholars emphasize his pivotal role in steering India through economic crises and laying the foundation for its emergence as a global economic power. His policies not only opened up the Indian economy but also introduced measures aimed at inclusive growth, striving to bridge the gap between different socio-economic strata.
Singh is survived by his wife, Gursharan Kaur, and three daughters. Known for his humility and scholarly demeanor, he remained a respected figure in Indian politics even after his retirement, often consulted for his insights on economic and policy matters.
As the nation observes this period of mourning, citizens and leaders alike reflect on the profound impact of Singh's life and work. His contributions to India's economic policies, commitment to public service, and efforts toward international diplomacy have left an indelible mark on the country's history.
In accordance with protocol, the national flag will be flown at half-mast during the mourning period, and all official engagements will adhere to the solemnity of the occasion. The government has also encouraged citizens to participate in memorial events and pay their respects, ensuring that Singh's legacy continues to inspire future generations.