While India has increasingly emphasised its strategic partnerships in the Indo-Pacific region, especially with the United States and other democratic nations, it continues to adhere to the "One China" policy. The government has consistently refrained from formalising diplomatic ties with Taiwan, though unofficial relations remain robust. The shift in global politics and heightened tensions over Taiwan have not led to any significant changes in India's engagement with the island.
This stance is largely driven by New Delhi's long-standing foreign policy, which is focused on maintaining a careful balancing act between its relationships with China and Taiwan. In the past, India has faced pressure from various quarters, particularly from its strategic allies, to take a firmer stand on Taiwan. However, the Indian government has resisted making any public statements that could be construed as a challenge to Beijing's claims over Taiwan.
India’s policy has been shaped by a complex set of factors, including its economic interests, regional security concerns, and its broader relationship with China. Trade between India and Taiwan has grown significantly over the years, with particular emphasis on the technology and semiconductor industries. Taiwanese companies have made substantial investments in India, and the bilateral trade has seen steady growth despite geopolitical challenges. These economic ties continue to thrive, even as India maintains its position of not engaging in official diplomatic relations with Taiwan.
Cultural and people-to-people exchanges have also been a key element of the India-Taiwan relationship. Educational institutions and academic collaborations between the two sides have expanded, with increasing numbers of Indian students and professionals engaging with Taiwan's higher education system. Cultural exchanges, including art exhibitions and language programmes, further strengthen the soft power links between New Delhi and Taipei.
Despite these growing unofficial ties, India's official diplomatic position on Taiwan remains in line with its broader foreign policy principles. The government continues to endorse the "One China" policy, which recognises Beijing's claim over Taiwan. New Delhi has repeatedly stated that it does not support any unilateral action to alter the status quo in the Taiwan Strait, emphasising the importance of peace and stability in the region.
India's decision to refrain from engaging more deeply with Taiwan diplomatically has been informed by its complex relationship with China. The two countries share a long border and have experienced significant military confrontations in the past, notably the 1962 Sino-Indian War. Over the years, India and China have engaged in multiple rounds of talks, including discussions on border security and regional cooperation. However, despite these efforts, tensions continue to flare up from time to time, particularly in disputed areas such as the Ladakh region.
For India, balancing its growing relations with Taiwan while avoiding overt antagonism with China remains a delicate task. New Delhi has sought to deepen its strategic engagement with Taiwan without triggering Beijing’s ire, aware of the potential repercussions of a shift in policy. India’s focus has remained on enhancing regional security and forging stronger partnerships with like-minded nations, including the United States, Japan, and Australia, through forums like the Quad.
As tensions between China and Taiwan continue to rise, India faces increasing pressure to reassess its position. However, for now, India appears committed to maintaining its current approach, which emphasises economic and cultural ties with Taiwan, while adhering to the long-standing diplomatic principle of recognising China's territorial claims.