The student protests began in early July, demanding the abolition of the controversial quota system in government jobs, which they argue is discriminatory. The existing system allocates 56% of government jobs to applicants from various special categories, leaving only 44% for general applicants. This policy has faced criticism for limiting opportunities for many qualified candidates.
The situation intensified last week when clashes between students and police resulted in significant violence and fatalities. Reports indicate that at least 19 people have died, with many more injured. Observers have blamed the police and the Bangladesh Chhatra League (BCL), the student wing of Hasina’s ruling Awami League party, for much of the violence.
Bangladesh is also grappling with an economic crisis, marked by rising living costs and widespread public dissatisfaction. The recent protests are not just about the quota system but are also fueled by broader discontent over economic hardships, corruption, and the handling of public university teachers' pension provisions.
Hasina's resignation came after days of intense pressure and escalating violence. She addressed the nation, acknowledging the gravity of the situation and promising a judicial inquiry into the deaths. However, she did not provide a clear resolution to the students' demands regarding the quota system, which remains a central issue.
The unrest has caused significant disruption across the country, with public universities closing their campuses and ordering students to leave dormitories. Analysts warn that if the government does not act quickly to address the students' demands, the situation could further destabilize the country's education system and overall governance.
As Hasina steps down, the political landscape of Bangladesh faces a period of uncertainty. An interim government is expected to take charge, but the challenges remain significant. The student movement continues to call for a complete overhaul of the job quota system, reflecting broader frustrations with the current administration's policies.
The coming weeks will be crucial in determining how Bangladesh navigates this period of political turmoil and whether the demands of the protesting students will be met.